what Software can I use to convert an audio file with spoken german to a text? It should run under Linux, ideally FOSS and offline.
It should come pre-trained, I do not want to train it.
You can use Vosk, it supports German, runs offline and can transcribe speech with Python. You can also use the speech recognition server from docker.
Latest big German model is here (1 Gb):
https://alphacephei.com/vosk/models/vosk-model-de-tuda-0.4.zip
There is also a small one for lightweight applications.
I work for Keen Research, https://keenresearch.com, which develops and licenses SDKs for on-device speech recognition on iOS, Android (we support Linux also).